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TAG | Stock
by Alexander Green, Investment U’s Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, April 25, 2011: Issue #1498
“Buy Japan now?” a friend asked recently. “Are you nuts?”
His sentiment is understandable. Aside from the unfathomable human suffering in Japan over the past several weeks, there have been enormous economic setbacks as well.
Sendai, the biggest port in northeast Japan and a major exporter of auto parts, machinery and marine products, was virtually wiped off the map. Half a dozen oil refineries in the same area, representing a third of the nation’s entire refining capacity, are shut down. Roads, bridges, railways and other major infrastructure have been destroyed. And the Japanese economy – already limping along for most of the past two decades – is also beset with the world’s highest public debt relative to GDP (225%) and a rapidly aging population.
Why would anyone want to invest here?
In my experience, those words accompany virtually every great buying situation. But it takes more than just a lack of interest to create a true contrarian opportunity. Both sentiment and valuations have to be at an extreme.
And that’s certainly the case here…
Japanese Stock Prices Are Less Than Book Value
The average Japanese stock is selling for less than 14 times its annual profit. That’s cheap, and Japanese accounting methods also tend to understate earnings. An even better indicator is found in book values (assets minus liabilities). Stocks around the world (including the United States, Europe and China) currently sell for approximately two times book value. In Japan, they sell for less than book value. By this measure, U.S. stocks are twice as expensive as Japanese stocks.
What will turn Japan’s market around? For starters, the enormous rebuilding that will be required over the next few years. Devastated areas account for seven percent of Japan’s economy and a substantial portion of its land mass. A lot of businesses will receive substantial contracts as a result of the catastrophe.
History shows that Japan is adept at rebounding from catastrophe. (Take World War II or the 1995 Kobe earthquake as examples.) And when Tokyo enters a bull market, it can look like the Silver Spurs Rodeo. For example, if you invested $10,000 in the S&P 500 in 1970, two decades later it would have been worth more than $76,000. Not bad.
But the same amount invested in the Nikkei 225 would have turned into more than $600,000.
How to Buy into Japan’s Advanced Economic Power
Although China’s economy has now eclipsed Japan’s in size, Japan is still Asia’s most advanced economic power, with world-leading technologies and an unmatched infrastructure.
The cost of doing business in Japan has decreased dramatically in recent years, as well. Land prices, office rents and labor costs have come way down. So have taxes and tariffs. And the government has instituted serious banking reforms.
The nation also sits on a mountain of personal financial assets – more than $100,000 for every man, woman and child. After a decade of negative stock market returns, most of this capital is sitting in low-yielding bank deposits. Even a small fraction of these assets returning to the equity market could give it a serious jolt.
So how do you play a rebound? Consider a Japan ETF or some of the country’s unloved blue chips like Toyota (NYSE: TM), Mitsubishi Financial (NYSE: MTU), Canon (NYSE: CAJ), or NTT DOCOMO (NYSE: DCM).
The healing there will take time, of course. But just as the U.S. stock market rebounded from the recent financial crisis quicker than almost anyone expected, things in Japan may look dramatically different in six to 12 months from now.
Of course, very few people believe that. But, in one sense, that’s a good thing. Negative sentiment and low valuations are the defining characteristics of contrarian investing.
Bottom fishermen, cast your nets.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
2
Why Ignorance Is Bliss In the Stock Market
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Why Ignorance Is Bliss In the Stock Market
by Alexander Green, Investment U’s Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, May 2, 2011: Issue #1503
The other day I was speaking with a friend who’s too nervous to invest in the market.
“I just can’t pull the trigger,” he said. “How can you buy stocks when the Fed is priming the pump, real estate is in a tailspin, the dollar is in the tank, the Euro zone is teetering, the Middle East is a powder keg and Congress – as always – is spending money the way my wife does in Vegas?”
I know just how he feels. After all, like most investment analysts I spend my days marinating in the news cycle. I see all these terrible headlines, often several times a day. It’s hard to turn a blind eye.
But if you want to be a successful investor, you may need to do just that. Let me explain …
The national news backdrop is always unsettling. Americans experienced plenty of good times over the last 80 years, but they were punctuated by recession, depression, inflation, war (including two big ones) and almost limitless scary scenarios.
But, through it all, there’s always been plenty of money made owning the fastest-growing, most-profitable companies in the nation. Everyone knows that the best way to get rich is to own a business making money hand over fist.
Yet if you strike out on your own, you’ll find there are more than a few hurdles. For starters, you need a significant amount of capital to start a business. You have to have a lot of entrepreneurial skill, a talent for dealing with customers, employees, suppliers and regulators. And if you meet these first two requirements, strap yourself in. Because it’s a well-known fact that 85 percent of new businesses fail in the first five years.
Fortunately, you don’t have to have this kind of money or take these kinds of risks to get rich in business. You only need to own shares of companies that are – in the words of my 25-year-old nephew – “killing it.”
I’m talking about companies experiencing double-digit sales growth, sharply higher earnings and fat returns on equity. These companies tend to be innovators, continually launching hot new products and services. (Apple is a prime example.) You’ll find that institutions are taking big positions in these stocks. The companies themselves are often buying back their own shares. And the chart – which shows technical factors like price and volume – generally gets an A+.
It’s called momentum investing. And it works. Just a few weeks ago, for instance, we bought shares of internet security company Fortinet (Nasdaq: FTNT). Last week the company reported a blockbuster quarter. Sales jumped 34 percent. Operating income more than doubled. And the CEO Ken Xie pointed out that the pipeline is full and the company is achieving “significant momentum.”
Our shares jumped over 14 percent in one day. And I see plenty more upside ahead.
Of course, we never would have bought this stock if – instead of looking at the fundamentals of the business – we spent our days worrying about the state of the world.
I’ll let you in on a little secret. As an investor, it’s not your job to envision solutions for the political arena, the world economy, or the financial markets. And that’s a good thing. Because the world is way too big and complicated to figure out anyway.
And it’s not necessary. If you want to make money in the market, forget about the “macro” picture. And focus instead on identifying businesses that are likely to post huge earnings surprises in the weeks and months ahead.
That’s how all the great investors – from Buffett to Templeton to Lynch – did it. And that’s how you can do it, too.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
6
Why You Should Invest in Growth, Not Value
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Why You Should Invest in Growth, Not Value
by Alexander Green, Investment U’s Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, December 6, 2010: Issue #1401
Patrick Henry famously declared that he knew no way of judging the future but by the past.
So if you’re putting together a long-term investment portfolio, it might be wise to look at the historical returns for various types of assets. Not just for the past few years, or for several decades, but for the past couple centuries.
When you do this, you’ll notice something interesting:
- Owning a portfolio of businesses (stocks) has generally been much more rewarding than making loans to corporations or Uncle Sam (bonds) or sticking your money in the bank (cash).
- Look closer at the clear winner (equities) and you’ll also find that value stocks have outperformed growth stocks over the long haul and that small-cap value has beaten large-cap value by a substantial margin.
It therefore follows that an investor seeking maximum capital appreciation might focus on identifying undervalued small-cap stocks.
But there’s only one problem with this: It won’t work for most investors, even if the future is very much like the past. Here’s why…
Beware the Value Investing Trap
Value stocks require something that growth stocks don’t: Patience.
When a stock – either large or small – is in the cellar, it’s there for a reason. Typical ones are that the company is:
- Losing market share…
- Seeing its margins fall…
- Is losing money…
- Or is experiencing flattish sales and declining profits.
As a value investor, you don’t know when these state of affairs will end, but you might be tempted to invest in a company if it’s relatively cheap in relation to sales, earnings or book value (i.e. net worth) in the hope that management will set things right.
The problem is this can take quite a long time. Or it may never happen at all. As the stock gets cheaper and cheaper, you may believe it’s becoming an even better bargain. This is the classic “value trap.” And if you keep buying a stock on the way down, it may very well have your name on it when it hits rock bottom.
Dead Money With Decent Dividends
Even if a value stock is destined to generate a good return over, say, a three- to five-year horizon, most investors won’t be around to enjoy it.
How do I know this? Because as a former money manager, I’ve dealt with thousands of “typical investors.” And regardless of what they say in their initial interview about their willingness to stay the course and think long-term, it all goes out the window for 90% of them when the road gets bumpy. Or if things don’t kick into gear right away.
A client who sits on a stock – or even a stock fund – for six months and doesn’t see a spark will remind you with every conversation that he or she is sitting on “dead money.”
No argument there – they are (at least temporarily). But value stocks often pay decent dividends that help compensate for this. Early in my career, however, I got tired of holding hands and counseling patience and switched from a value to a growth methodology.
It was a good move. If you want action, you should have it…
There’s No Shortage of Excitement with Growth Stocks
Buy the best growth stocks you can find. Given that they tend to be twice as volatile as the market (and twice as expensive), there is generally no shortage of day-to-day excitement.
But if you use a trailing stop, you can generate results that are much better than historical long-term returns (which always assume a buy-and-hold approach) and with less risk because your positions are fully protected.
So unless you have the patience of Job – and most investors don’t – you’re better off owning growth stocks than value stocks and, of course, using a trailing stop.
In my next column, I’ll demonstrate why small-cap growth – historically the worst-performing long-term equity class – is the very best place to find blockbuster stocks.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
8
Why Share Buybacks Are One of the Most Bullish Signals You Can Get
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Why Share Buybacks Are One of the Most Bullish Signals You Can Get
by Alexander Green, Investment U’s Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, November 8, 2010: Issue #1383
For months, U.S. public companies have sat on record piles of cash – more than $1.8 trillion. Now, many are finally putting it to work.
But they’re not hiring more workers, building more factories, or paying down debt. Instead, they’re using the money to buy back their own shares.
So far this year, companies have announced that they’ll purchase more than $273 billion of their own shares. That’s more than five times as much as last year, according to Birinyi Associates.
Some economists argue that this money could be better put to work in job-generating activities that might produce economic growth. However, management’s first obligation is to shareholders, not economists or “the public.”
And if your business outlook is cloudy, you don’t want to commit that cash to building new manufacturing facilities or taking on new employees that aren’t needed.
Regardless of whether you’re an individual or a corporation, sitting on cash isn’t terribly rewarding these days, with the average money market fund paying less than one tenth of one percent.
So buying back shares makes good sense. Why?
The Share Buyback Boost
Because when you divide net income into a smaller number of shares outstanding, you get greater growth in earnings per share. And ultimately, that’s what drives share prices higher.
(If the economy shows more promise down the road, a firm can always do a secondary stock issue to raise capital for expansion.)
A partial list of companies that announced major share buybacks last month includes:
- PPG Industries (NYSE: PPG),
- Cypress Semiconductor (Nasdaq: CY),
- eBay (Nasdaq: EBAY),
- Weight Watchers (NYSE: WTW),
- EMC (NYSE: EMC),
- Coca-Cola (NYSE: KO),
- Walgreen (NYSE: WAG),
- Iron Mountain (NYSE: IRM),
- Family Dollar (NYSE: FDO),
- And Chevron (NYSE: CVX).
In addition…
- Two months ago, Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT) borrowed $4.75 billion by issuing new bonds at rock-bottom interest rates and announced that it would use a significant portion to buy back shares.
- In August, Hewlett-Packard (NYSE: HPQ), the world’s biggest maker of personal computers, said it would spend $10 billion buying back its shares.
- A few months earlier, snack-food giant Pepsico (NYSE: PEP) said it would buy back $15 billion in common stock over the next three years.
- Washington Post (NYSE: WPO) authorized executives to buy back as much as 750,000 shares of its Class B shares.
Why Share Buybacks Are Important… And What They Mean for the Market
Many investors recognize the importance of top executives buying back their own companies’ shares with their own money at current market prices (i.e. insider buying).
But they underrate share buybacks because they sometimes don’t do anything more than offset the new shares created by option compensation. (And, indeed, that is occasionally the case.)
But when a company announces a major buyback, it often means the executives and board of directors are betting their jobs that the company’s shares are undervalued.
Why? Because if management spends tens of millions of dollars of the firm’s money buying shares back and the stock is sharply lower in six months or a year, they may well be out of a job.
Yet history shows that share buybacks are generally well-timed. It’s a positive development for shareholders.
And the large number of share buybacks announced this year is yet another reason why the market should keep trending higher.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
30
Jeremy Siegel: Treasury Bonds Today Are a Sucker Bet
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Jeremy Siegel: Treasury Bonds Today Are a Sucker Bet
by Alexander Green, Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, August 30, 2010: Issue #1334
The investment advisory industry is full of gurus – and various charlatans – claiming that they made incredible stock market calls.
But Wharton Professor Dr. Jeremy Siegel made perhaps the greatest call of all time at the right moment and for the right reasons. Those who listened to him saved themselves many thousands of dollars – and untold agony.
Now Dr. Siegel is making another bold prediction. You can only ignore it at your peril. Here’s why…
Siegel Shocks the Market
On March 13, 2000, The Wall Street Journal ran an op-ed piece from Dr. Siegel entitled “Big-Cap Stocks Are a Sucker Bet.” The column shocked the investment community.
Here was the man, author of the investment classic Stocks for the Long Run and who provided the intellectual underpinnings of the greatest bull market in history, claiming that the greatest stock market darlings weren’t just overvalued. They were a “sucker bet.”
Siegel focused on the 33 largest firms based on market capitalization – those with values greater than $85 billion. Of these, 18 were technology stocks. He noted that their market-weighted P/E equaled 126. What’s more, he pointed out that half of the large-cap technology stocks had P/Es over 100. For these stocks, the market-weighted P/E was 208.
These prices were totally unjustifiable. There was no way that these companies could grow fast enough to support such insane valuations.
Are You Heeding Siegel’s Current Warning?
That month, the Nasdaq – home to these tech giants – hit its all-time high of 5,132. From there, it imploded. Many of the stocks he singled out in the column – like Yahoo! (Nasdaq: YHOO) and JDS Uniphase (Nasdaq: JDSU) – plunged over 99%.
Even today – more than 10 years later – the Nasdaq is 60% below its high.
It’s great when a knowledgeable analyst like this rings a clear warning bell at the top. So understand that he’s doing it again today.
Earlier this month, he wrote another Wall Street Journal op-ed piece. This one is called “The Great American Bond Bubble.”
Siegel says: “What is happening today is the flip side of what happened in 2000. Just as investors were too enthusiastic then about the growth prospects in the economy, many investors today are far too pessimistic.”
As a result, they’re plowing money into Treasuries and Treasury mutual funds.
This will almost certainly end badly.
Unless we have a full-blown deflationary depression, these bonds are a horrible bet, offering minuscule yields and huge downside risk. Many investors don’t realize how badly they can get clobbered in super-safe Treasuries when the bond market turns down. (And those holding leveraged bond funds could see 40% or more of their principal vanish in a matter of months.)
As Siegel concludes: “Those who are now crowding into bonds and bond funds are courting disaster… The possibility of substantial capital losses looms large.”
What does Siegel propose that income investors hold instead?
Don’t Be a Sucker: Invest in This Asset Class Instead
Large-cap dividend stocks.
He points out that the 10 largest dividend payers in the United States are:
AT&T (NYSE: T)
Exxon Mobil (NYSE: XOM)
Chevron (NYSE: CVX)
Procter & Gamble (NYSE: PG)
Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ)
Verizon (NYSE: VZ)
Phillip Morris (NYSE: PM)
Pfizer (NYSE: PFE)
General Electric (NYSE: GE)
Merck (NYSE: MRK)
And together…
- They sport an average dividend yield of 4%, substantially more than what 10-year Treasuries are paying.
- Their average P/E ratio is 11.7 versus 13 for the S&P 500.
- Aside from the mountain of cash they’re sitting on, their prospective earnings will cover their dividends by more than 2 to 1.
Despite fears of another stock market dip, income investors are wise to switch from Treasuries to high-dividend stocks. It might not feel like the right thing to do, but neither did buying stocks at the market low 17 months ago.
In short, I couldn’t agree with Dr. Siegel more. Treasury bonds today are a sucker bet.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
19
Is Apple the Perfect Growth Stock?
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Is Apple the Perfect Growth Stock?
by Alexander Green, Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, July 19, 2010: Issue #1304
I’ve often said that my stock-picking approach can be boiled down to this mantra:
Share prices follow earnings.
I challenge you to look back through history and find even a single company that increased its earnings quarter after quarter, year after year, and the stock didn’t tag along.
By the same token, try to find a company whose earnings were flat or declining year after year and the shares kept rising. It doesn’t happen, even in a roaring bull market.
But is growth in earnings per share all you really need? Could it be that simple?
Of course not.
Any company can increase its earnings for a while merely by cutting expenses. But eventually, a firm reaches a point where it can’t cut costs further without damaging the underlying business. (Obviously, if you reach the point where you’re selling off key infrastructure or laying off top people to boost short-term profits, you’re hurting the company’s long-term prospects.)
There are other important factors as well and I can illustrate a few of them by pointing to a near-perfect growth stock…
Want to See If a Company is Growing? Look to These Three Crucial Factors
In order to see robust bottom-line growth, you need to see substantial top-line growth. In other words, sales have to rise, too.
And Apple, Inc. (Nasdaq: AAPL) is doing just that.
- Sales & Earnings: The company is selling boatloads of iPods, iMacs, iPhones and iPads. In many instances, it’s been unable to keep up with demand. In the most recent quarter, sales jumped 49%. That enabled earnings to soar 90%.
- Profit Margins: This is another important factor. If competitors can come in and easily underprice you, your business is vulnerable.
But Apple is well-protected with its iron-clad patents on the Mac operating system and many of the key features of its bestselling products. So it’s no surprise that operating margins top 29%. Or that Apple is up 63% over the last 52 weeks, even after the recent market dip.
Over time, Apple has brought down the price of most of its products, but not because competitors were forcing them down. Management did it because they wanted to broaden the potential market for Apple’s products. That’s key.
- Return on Equity: This key metric is calculated by dividing earnings per share by book value (or net assets) per share.
Why is this important? Because it tells you how efficiently management is deploying the firm’s capital. Warren Buffett – who puts a great deal of emphasis on ROE – says anything above 17% is good. Apple’s return on equity is twice that.
Happy Customers… Happy Shareholders
Apple has done plenty of other things right, too. It’s a consistent innovator and is a world-class marketer. (Its products are so cool, customers find themselves lusting over things they don’t even need.) And it’s done a good job of keeping a lid on costs.
The end result? Earnings per share have boomed over the last decade. And while the broad market has gone nowhere, shares of Apple are up several-fold.
It’s a classic story of a company that keeps its customers coming back because it makes them happy. And the resulting increase in earnings keeps shareholders delighted, too.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
28
The Japanese Stock Market: How to Play “The Land of Rising Stocks”
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The Japanese Stock Market: How to Play “The Land of Rising Stocks”
by Alexander Green, Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, June 28, 2010: Issue #1290
The Wall Street Journal reported last week that, for the first time in three years, foreign investors are increasing their holdings in the Japanese stock market.
Data released by the Tokyo Stock Exchange shows that foreign ownership of Japanese shares rose to 26% for the year that ended in March, up from 23.5% a year earlier.
The Journal suggests that a recovery in Japanese corporate earnings is tempting foreign investors back to the country’s equity markets.
But I think there’s more going on here. Perhaps hedge fund managers and other savvy global investors have paged back through their old, dog-eared copies of Dr. Jeremy Siegel’s Stocks for the Long Run.
If so, they may have recognized something significant…
Crunching the Numbers on Japan
Siegel notes that it’s rare for stocks to go 10 years without giving a positive return. Yet we’ve experienced just such a rarity over the last decade.
For stocks to go 20 years without giving a positive return is almost unheard of. And 30 years? That’s rarer than Big Foot, Nessie and the Abominable Snowman combined.
Which brings me back to Japan…
- In 1989, the Nikkei 225 – Japan’s equivalent of the S&P 500 – hit a new all-time high near 40,000. Today, more than 20 years later, it languishes near 10,000 – almost 75% lower.
- In other words, the Nikkei 225 would have to rise 300% just to get back where it was in 1989.
And it wouldn’t surprise me if it did just that by the end of the decade. After all, it’s happened before.
In the 1970s, the U.S. market returned just 0.34% a year – a 3.4% total return for the decade. Yet the Japanese market compounded at 16%, generating a 10-year return of 344%.
What other asset class offers that kind of potential return over the next decade? (Gold bugs, keep your seats.)
Don’t Chase the Bullet Train… Get on Board Now
The groundwork has been laid.
Last August, after more than 50 years, Japan’s opposition party trounced the Liberal Democratic Party in a landslide election.
The new government has promised to shrink the country’s massive bureaucracy and cut wasteful public spending. It also intends to end more than 20 years of economic stagnation by cutting taxes and focusing on small and mid-sized businesses.
Of course, we’re all skeptical of politicians’ promises, but there is evidence that they mean business this time. Twenty years is a long time to leave your economy in a funk.
It’s resulted in Japanese stocks being among the cheapest and most unloved in the world. Virtually no one is enthusiastic about the Tokyo market.
However, great opportunities are born when dirt-cheap valuations marry investor apathy. Plus, Japanese investors are flush with cash. They’ve largely ignored domestic stocks after two decades of sub-par returns. And as that money begins to find its way out of mattresses and back into Japanese equities, the Tokyo market should lift off.
This is doubly true when institutional money managers return to Japan in a serious way. For years, global fund managers have outperformed the world benchmark by simply underweighting Japan. But let the Shinkansen take off without them and they will be forced to dash after it.
So how do you play this?
Two Ways to Ride the Japanese Stock Market
There are dozens of worthwhile Japanese ADRs trading on Nasdaq and the Big Board.
But you can gain exposure to the Japanese stock market through two ETFs…
- iShares MSCI Japan Index (NYSE: EWJ), which invests in large-cap Japanese stocks.
- Wisdom Tree Japan Small-Cap Dividend Fund (NYSE: DFJ), which captures the best of the Japanese small-cap sector.
Or you can spread your bets and own both.
Incidentally, if you remain skeptical about Japanese stocks digging their way out of this 21-year hole, consider again how unlikely it is that Japanese stocks will earn a negative 30-year return.
As Dr. Siegel writes in Stocks For the Long Run:
“In the 12 years from 1948 to 1960, German stocks rose by over 30% per year in real terms. Indeed, from 1939, when the Germans began the war in Poland, through 1960, the real return on German stocks matched those in the United States and exceeded those in the U.K. Despite the total devastation that the war visited on Germany, the long-run investor made out as well in defeated Germany as in victorious Britain or the United States. The data powerfully attest to the resilience of stocks in the face of seemingly destructive political, social, and economic change.”
The story in Japan was similar. By the end of 1945, stock prices stood at about approximately one-third of their level just prior to the Empire’s surrender. Over the next 40 years, the Japanese market returned more than 20 times its American counterpart.
If 200 years of world stock market history is any guide, the current decade should be another barnburner for Japan.
Good investing,
Alexander Green
