by Alexander Green, Investment U’s Chief Investment Strategist
Thursday, October 28, 2010: Issue #1376

Six months ago, I made a strong case for buying inflation-adjusted Treasuries, better known as TIPS.

I suggested that Washington’s massive fiscal stimulus, plus record-low interest rates, might ultimately prove inflationary.

So far, they haven’t. But investors clearly feel that inflation – the thief that robs us all – is just around the corner.

Look at the traditional inflation harbinger – gold. The metal has hit one new high after another this year.

TIPS (Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities) have soared, too. In fact, they’ve rallied so far that for the first time ever, five-year TIPS were sold at auction earlier this week with a yield of minus 0.5%.

That’s right… they guarantee a negative yield. Yet investors are gobbling them up anyway.

What’s going on here? Let’s start at the beginning…

The Inside Track on TIPS

Here are some Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) characteristics…

• They pay interest every six months, just like a regular Treasury bond.
• Unlike traditional bonds, your principal increases each year by the amount of inflation, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI). The semi-annual interest payments also increase by the amount of inflation.
• The interest you receive is exempt from state and local income taxes (but not federal).
• TIPS are less volatile than traditional bonds.
• TIPS are excellent diversifiers.

But can TIPS possibly be worth holding, even when they sport a negative yield?

Perhaps for long-term investors (as I’ll explain in a moment). But not for short-term traders. Here’s why…

Think Twice Before Buying TIPS for the Short-Term

Current yields of less than zero on TIPS are due to rock-bottom Treasury rates and fears of higher inflation just over the horizon.

It’s simple math. Five-year Treasuries are yielding a paltry 1.2%. Given the weak dollar and Washington’s addiction to spending, traders and investors are betting that inflation will run at 1.7% or more.

That makes five-year TIPS just as attractive as five-year bonds, since 1.7% minus the 0.5% negative yield equals 1.2%.

Inflation or Disinflation?

Of course, the financial markets are a bit schizophrenic right now. Inflation protectors like gold and TIPS have rallied. But so have inflation-sensitive investments like investment grade bonds. Investors can’t seem to decide whether we’re in for inflation or disinflation.

And of course, nobody knows for sure. But TIPS have rallied by 10% over the last year, with no uptick in inflation. If the folks betting on disinflation – or its more severe cousin, outright deflation – are right, these bonds could undergo a serious price adjustment, giving investors a haircut in the process.

TIPS investors aren’t just guaranteed negative yields right now. They may also experience a negative total return for several years in a row.

So why shouldn’t long-term investors sell them outright?

How to Tackle TIPS if You’re a Long-Term or Short-Term Investor

Some would be prudent to do just that. The only catch is this: What if the inflation hawks are right?

If they are, TIPS will give a higher future return than traditional fixed-income investments – and with the highest degree of safety. (They are, after all, obligations of the U.S. government.)

True, there are other inflation alternatives. But gold has already quintupled over the last decade. And that other famous inflation hedge – your home – is likely to remain mired in quicksand for years to come, thanks to the overhang of foreclosures and other unsold properties.

The bottom line is this:

• Long-term investors – those with a time horizon of five years or more – should hold onto their TIPS.
• But traders and other investors with a shorter time horizon should probably give them a miss.

History shows that once an asset class turns hot – whether it’s stocks, bonds, gold, real estate or TIPS – it rarely delivers the kind of returns it did when it was heating up.

This time could be different, of course. But that’s how investors always rationalize their investments at the top.

The oldest advice is still the best: Caveat emptor.

Alexander Green

by Alexander Green, Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, June 21, 2010: Issue #1285

Tens of millions of investors have a ticking time bomb in their fixed-income portfolios.

Are you one of them? If so, there’s still time to defuse it.

A few weeks ago, I wrote an Investment U column entitled, “Why the Safest Investment is Now One of the Riskiest.”

I noted that investors – frustrated by the microscopic yields on money market funds and certificates of deposit (CDs) – have poured money into longer-term Treasury funds.

Their thinking is simple. Too simple: “These funds yield over 5%, not bad in this environment, and the bonds they hold are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of Uncle Sam. What’s to worry about?”

Plenty…

Aren’t Treasury Funds Free of Risk?

Unlike individuals, corporations, and municipalities, the federal government can simply create money to meet any obligations. U.S. Treasuries are thus free of credit risk. But they aren’t free of interest-rate risk.

When interest rates go up, Treasury bond prices go down. Yet investors are comforting themselves that inflation isn’t currently a problem and that long-term rates remain near historic lows.

Don’t be fooled. There is a monster on the horizon – and he makes Beowulf’s Grindel look like Barney.

• Over the past 18 months, the federal debt has surged from $5.5 trillion to more than $8.6 trillion.
• Two years ago, it was 38% of GDP. Today, it’s 59% of GDP. And by the Congressional Budget Office’s own estimates, it’s going much higher still.

This is dangerous. Yet inflation has remained remarkably subdued so far. But understand that if the government opts to stimulate the economy further – especially if some emergency action is needed – short-term rates are already at zero.

Having already thrown the kitchen sink at the slowdown from a monetary standpoint, the federal government will almost certainly opt to spend even more dramatically.

The bond markets will not take this news well. Long-term rates are likely to spike. And when they do, it will get real ugly, real quick.

Investors always think they have time to move out of longer obligations before that happens. But that is not likely to be true…

The Triple Threat to Treasury Funds

Between early October 1979 and late February 1980, for example, the yield on the 10-year note rose almost four percentage points, driving a stake through most people’s bond portfolios.

Making matters worse, millions of Mom-and-Pop investors have unwittingly plunged into leveraged bond funds in recent years, often on their brokers’ recommendation.

Leveraged bond funds borrow money in the short-term to buy more longer-dated issues and enhance the funds’ yields. This is all well and good when rates are flat to lower. But when rates spike higher, look out below. The same thing will happen to these funds as to a margined stock portfolio in a correction.

In fact, leveraged closed-end bond fund investors could get hit with a triple-whammy…

• The bonds in the fund will drop when interest rates rise.
• The drop will be compounded by the fact that the portfolio is leveraged.
• The fund could plunge to a deep discount to its net asset value, too.

Become a Bomb Disposal Expert… On Your Portfolio

Not pretty. So what to do?

• First, check to see what percentage of your portfolio is in long-term bonds. It shouldn’t be more than 10% as a maximum (as protection against a deflationary scenario).
• Second, visit www.etfconnect.com and type in the symbols for your fixed-income ETFs or closed-end funds.

Then look at the number beside the fund’s “effective leverage.” Zero means the fund is unleveraged. But some may be leveraged up to 40% or more. (That’s how these funds are able to yield more than the bonds they invest in, even after expenses.)

In sum, this is a time to pare back your long-term bond holdings and eliminate most of your leveraged holdings.

Don’t take these words lightly. There is danger on the horizon. But if you act now, there’s still time to get that ticking time bomb out of your portfolio.

Good investing,

Alexander Green

by Alexander Green, Chief Investment Strategist
Tuesday, June 1, 2010: Issue #1271

U.S. Treasury bonds are the safest investment in the world.

However, that doesn’t mean they can’t be dangerous. Far from it.

Yet a few days ago, The Wall Street Journal reported that, “Long-dated Treasury securities are now the most favored financial assets for global investors fleeing the eurozone’s debt crisis.”

Talk about jumping out of the frying pan and into the fire…

Don’t get me wrong. I’m not one of those end-of-the-worlders who expect the U.S. government to default on its sovereign obligations. That won’t happen.

It wouldn’t even be necessary. After all, history shows that governments always prefer to inflate their way out of a debt crisis by cranking up the printing presses instead. That way they can achieve a de facto debt reduction simply by devaluing the currency.

If you’ve seen the photographs of German citizens hauling wheelbarrows full of cash into the bank during the days of the Weimar Republic, you know what I’m talking about.

Of course, I don’t expect inflation like that. And neither should you.

But what kind of inflation does an investor expect who loans his money to the government for 30 years at a rate of just 4.1%?

Why U.S. Treasury Bonds Could Bulldoze Your Portfolio

That 4.1% figure is the current yield on the long end – and it’s a bet that has a little upside potential and a whole world of downside risk. Why?

Imagine a seesaw with interest rates and inflation on one end and bond prices on the other. If inflation goes down, bond prices go up. And vice-versa.

But how far down can rates go on the long end? Unless we have the sort of deflationary environment that Japan suffered in the 1990s, the appreciation potential here is minimal.

On the other hand, if inflation rears its ugly head, long bonds will get clobbered. And the worse inflation gets, the worse these bonds will do.

I realize that inflation is not an immediate threat. Technology and deregulation have brought costs down over the past decade. And even oil prices have moderated lately.

But if the bond market gets even a whiff of higher inflation, these bonds will drop like a stone. And I’m betting that investors who weren’t around during the early 1980s – and even many who were – don’t realize it.

They are so busy patting themselves on the back for eliminating default risk – and picking up a 4% yield versus next-to-nothing on the short end – that they are forgetting about interest rate risk: the risk that higher inflation will send long yields soaring and bond prices crashing.

Don’t Let the Government Trick You into Speculating

Seth Klarman, President of the Baupost Group, an investment firm in Boston that manages $22 billion, says the U.S. government is inadvertently provoking its citizens into taking very bad risks right now.

How?

“By holding short-term interest rates near zero, the government is basically tricking the population into going long on just about every security except cash, at the price of almost certainly not getting an adequate return for the risks they are running. People can’t stand earning 0% on their money, so the government is forcing everyone in the investing public to speculate.”

Of course, most people aren’t exactly in a speculating mood right now.

So what are they doing? They’re buying super safe long-term Treasuries and earning over 4%.

Except that’s not a safe investment – as many will eventually learn to their chagrin.

Good investing,

Alexander Green

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by Alexander Green, Chief Investment Strategist
Monday, April 19, 2010: Issue #1241

A recent Communiqué column of mine, in which I recommended Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), outraged a number of readers.

Why was it so upsetting? Because – and don’t ask me what they’re smoking – 17% of Americans actually approve of the job Congress is doing.

Taking both parties to task, however, I wrote:

#1: When George W. Bush and his fellow Republicans came to power a little more than nine years ago, they promised to cut wasteful spending, limit the size of government and move closer to a balanced budget.

Instead, they…

• Created a Medicare drug entitlement that will cost nearly $1 trillion in its first decade…
• Started a string of expensive financial bailouts that continues today…
• Passed a record number of earmarks…
• Increased federal spending 58% faster than inflation…
• Presided over a $2.5 trillion increase in the public debt.

#2: Then, last November – anxious for change – voters threw the bums out and put the Democrats in charge. The Democrats promised to change this reckless course and restore fiscal sanity to the country.

Instead, they tripled the budget deficit in their first year. The White House and the Congressional Budget Office now estimate that this year’s deficit will explode to $1.56 trillion – a post-World War II record at 11% of the overall economy – and add $9.7 trillion in debt over the next decade.

Facts vs. Opinions

Here are the other points I made…

#3: The Obama Administration’s own projections see the federal debt hitting $18.5 trillion by 2020. However, that was before the passage of the healthcare reform bill – the biggest new entitlement since the creation of Medicare in 1965.

#4: Unfunded liabilities for Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, the prescription drug benefit and the new federal healthcare program have now jumped to $108 trillion, nearly eight times our annual GDP.

#5: Moody’s has threatened to downgrade the Triple-A rating of U.S. sovereign debt, perhaps within three years. A drop in our credit rating would both decrease the perceived safety of Treasury securities and increase the interest that Uncle Sam – excuse me, you, your children and your grandchildren – will pay on the deficit.

#6: Credit Suisse recently produced a report pointing out that the country whose debt profile most resembles that of Greece is – hold your breath – the United States. (If you believe a picture is worth a thousand words, try this: http://www.usdebtclock.org/)

#7: Down the road, Washington – with the reluctant consent of the Federal Reserve – could opt to solve this problem the way so many governments throughout history have – by inflating our way out of it.

Inflation: The Bane of Debt-Holders & A Godsend to Debtors

Inflation is the bane of debt-holders, of course. But it is a godsend to debtors – and Uncle Sam is the biggest of them all – as they can repay fixed obligations with increasingly worthless currency.

What surprised me was not that some readers had a difference of opinion. I always welcome that. It was that respondents uniformly barked that they didn’t want to hear my “political opinions.”

Opinions? Go back through these seven points and tell me which one contains an opinion. Even the last one modestly states that Uncle Sam “could opt” to inflate our way out of this problem.

As Jack Nicholson reminded us in A Few Good Men, some people can’t handle the truth. Especially when it’s something they don’t want to hear.

For example…

• When we warned 11 years ago about the massive bubble in Internet stocks, the majority of respondents gushed about the New Era and insisted we “just didn’t get it.”
• When we warned six years ago about the ominous housing bubble, many scoffed and insisted that home prices “always go up.”
• When we talk today about the threat to your financial security that Washington is creating with its Ponzi-style entitlement schemes, a lot of investors don’t want to hear that, either.

Believe me, I hope I’m wrong. I don’t want high inflation any more than you do.

Fortunately, inflation today is as tame as a kitten.

The Benefits of Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities & Three Ways to Buy Them

I only suggest that you buy Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities ( TIPS) as an important insurance policy. (Because when inflation – the thief that robs us all – rears its ugly head, neither stocks nor bonds do well.)

You can purchase inflation-protected Treasuries (TIPS) in three ways…

• Directly ( http://www.treasurydirect.gov/indiv/research/indepth/tips/res_tips_buy.htm).
• Through the Vanguard Inflation-Protected Securities Fund (VIPSX).
• Through the ETF equivalent – the iShares Barclays TIPS Bond Fund (NYSE: TIP).

There are several advantages to buying TIPS…

• TIPS pay interest every six months, just like a regular Treasury bond. But unlike traditional bonds, your principal increases each year by the amount of inflation, as measured by the consumer price index (CPI). Semi-annual interest payments also increase by the amount of inflation.
• The interest you receive is exempt from state and local (but not federal) income taxes.
• TIPS are less volatile than traditional bonds.
• They’re also excellent diversifiers.

Some investors complain that these securities haven’t done anything exciting lately. Of course not. We’ve been in the grip of disinflationary forces, not inflationary ones – and that won’t change next week or next month.

Protection Against The Government “Doing Something”

But as the deficit keeps expanding and the electorate grows increasingly unhappy, pressure will mount on the government to “do something.”

That “something” could be a decision to inflate our way out of this mess, rather than risk the kind of deflationary spiral that Japan has endured over the past two decades.

Bear in mind…

• The Fed has already taken interest rates close to zero…
• Congress has already tried a massive fiscal stimulus…
• The Federal Reserve has already created trillions out of thin air to mop up worthless securities.

If the economy stumbles again and further government action is taken, it could be even more reckless, resulting in inflation.

In the interest of full disclosure, however, that’s just my opinion.

Good investing,

Alexander Green

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